He argued that the "human intellect at birth resembled a tabula rasa, a pure potentiality that is actualized through education and comes to know." Thus, according to Ibn Sina, knowledge is attained through " empirical familiarity with objects in this world from which one abstracts universal concepts," which develops through a " syllogistic method of reasoning observations lead to propositional statements, which when compounded lead to further abstract concepts." He further argued that the intellect itself "possesses levels of development from the static/material intellect, that potentiality can acquire knowledge to the active intellect, the state of the human intellect at conjunction with the perfect source of knowledge." Ibn Tufail (12th century) In the 11th century, the theory of tabula rasa was developed more clearly by Ibn Sina. Perception, again, is an impression produced on the mind, its name being appropriately borrowed from impressions on wax made by a seal and perception they divide into, comprehensible and incomprehensible: Comprehensible, which they call the criterion of facts, and which is produced by a real object, and is, therefore, at the same time conformable to that object Incomprehensible, which has no relation to any real object, or else, if it has any such relation, does not correspond to it, being but a vague and indistinct representation. The doxographer Aetius summarizes this view as "When a man is born, the Stoics say, he has the commanding part of his soul like a sheet of paper ready for writing upon." Diogenes Laërtius attributes a similar belief to the Stoic Zeno of Citium when he writes in Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers that: Stoic epistemology emphasizes that the mind starts blank, but acquires knowledge as the outside world is impressed upon it. This idea was further evolved in Ancient Greek philosophy by the Stoic school. Haven't we already disposed of the difficulty about interaction involving a common element, when we said that mind is in a sense potentially whatever is thinkable, though actually it is nothing until it has thought? What it thinks must be in it just as characters may be said to be on a writing tablet on which as yet nothing stands written: this is exactly what happens with mind. In Western philosophy, the concept of tabula rasa can be traced back to the writings of Aristotle who writes in his treatise De Anima ( Περί Ψυχῆς, ' On the Soul') of the "unscribed tablet." In one of the more well-known passages of this treatise, he writes that: See also: Empiricism Ancient Greek philosophy
Both may be renewed repeatedly, by melting the wax of the tablet or by erasing the chalk on the slate.
This roughly equates to the English term "blank slate" (or, more literally, "erased slate") which refers to the emptiness of a slate prior to it being written on with chalk. Tabula rasa is a Latin phrase often translated as clean slate in English and originates from the Roman tabula, a wax-covered tablet used for notes, which was blanked ( rasa) by heating the wax and then smoothing it. Proponents of the tabula rasa theory also favour the "nurture" side of the nature versus nurture debate when it comes to aspects of one's personality, social and emotional behaviour, knowledge, and sapience. Epistemological proponents of tabula rasa disagree with the doctrine of innatism, which holds that the mind is born already in possession of certain knowledge.
Tabula rasa ( / ˈ t æ b j ə l ə ˈ r ɑː s ə, - z ə, ˈ r eɪ-/ "blank slate") is the theory that individuals are born without built-in mental content, and therefore all knowledge comes from experience or perception.
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